class: title-slide, right, top background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#img/yosemite.JPG) background-position: 90% 75%, 75% 75% background-size:cover .left-column[ # GRS Workshop<br>Introduction to ggplot ] .right-column[ ### Data Wrangling - dplyr **Eugene Hickey**<br> March 14th 2023 ] .palegrey[.left[.footnote[Graphic by [Lilian Hickey](https://photos.google.com/photo/AF1QipMjKNoaxyne8nte4HmxA6Th9-4fUfSbl_mx-_1G)]]] ??? Welcome to the workshop on ggplot. Where we'll show you how to create impressive data visualisations. --- layout: true <a class="footer-link" href="http://grs-2023.netlify.app">GRS 2023 &mdash; Eugene Hickey</a> <!-- this adds the link footer to all slides, depends on footer-link class in css--> --- class: center, inverse ## _dplyr_ Six Verbs - and how to combine them <ol> <li> filter <li> select <li> mutate <li> arrange <li> group_by <li> summarise (or summarize) <li> and, of course, the pipe _%>%_ --- ## filter - used to choose some rows from a dataframe - pass in the dataframe and some logical condition - could be _==_ (note the double equals), for characters and _<_, _>_ for numerics - also _<=_, _>=_, _!_ (for NOT) - can use _between()_ - I like _%in%_ - can have multiple logical conditions in the same filter --- .pull-left[ <br> <br> <br> <br> <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> continent </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> year </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> lifeExp </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> pop </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> gdpPercap </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Egypt </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41.893 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 22223309 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1418.8224 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Egypt </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 44.444 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 25009741 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1458.9153 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Egypt </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 46.992 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 28173309 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1693.3359 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Ethiopia </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 34.078 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 20860941 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 362.1463 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Ethiopia </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 36.667 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 22815614 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 378.9042 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Ethiopia </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.059 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 25145372 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 419.4564 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 36.324 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 33119096 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1077.2819 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 37.802 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 37173340 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1100.5926 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Nigeria </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Africa </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.360 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41871351 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1150.9275 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## select - used to pick out columns from a dataframe - pass in the dataframe and one or more columns - can _deselect_ columns with a minus sign .pull-left[ <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> year </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> lifeExp </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 28.801 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 30.332 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 31.997 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1967 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 34.020 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1972 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 36.088 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1977 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 38.438 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] .pull-right[ <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> year </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> lifeExp </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> gdpPercap </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 28.801 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 779.4453 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 30.332 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 820.8530 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 31.997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 853.1007 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1967 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 34.020 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 836.1971 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1972 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 36.088 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 739.9811 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1977 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 38.438 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 786.1134 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] --- .pull-left[ ## mutate - makes new columns - same number of rows - pass in dataframe and instructions ] .pull-right[  ] <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> continent </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> year </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> lifeExp </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> pop </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> gdpPercap </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> total_gdp_billions </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Asia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 28.801 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 8425333 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 779.4453 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.567086 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Asia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 30.332 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9240934 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 820.8530 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 7.585449 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Asia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 31.997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 10267083 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 853.1007 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 8.758856 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Asia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1967 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 34.020 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 11537966 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 836.1971 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.648014 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Asia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1972 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 36.088 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 13079460 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 739.9811 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 9.678553 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Asia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1977 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 38.438 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 14880372 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 786.1134 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 11.697659 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- ## arrange - used to order columns - normally increasing, use _desc()_ to reverse .pull-left[ <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> year </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> pop </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sao Tome and Principe </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 60011 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sao Tome and Principe </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 61325 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Djibouti </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 63149 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sao Tome and Principe </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65345 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Sao Tome and Principe </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1967 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70787 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Djibouti </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71851 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] .pull-right[ <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> year </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> pop </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> China </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1318683096 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> China </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2002 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1280400000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> China </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1230075000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> China </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1992 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1164970000 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> India </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 2007 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1110396331 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> China </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1987 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 1084035000 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] --- ## group_by and summarise - always(ish) go hand in hand - _group_by()_ reduces number of rows - _summarise()_ makes new columns - always use _ungroup()_ when you're finished <center> <img src = "data:image/png;base64,#img/group_by_ungroup.png" alt="@Allison_Horst" width="300" height="200"/> </center> --- <!-- --> --- ## The Pipe - %>% - neat feature, takes a bit of getting used to - but makes life way simpler and code more readable - chains operations together - read it in your head as _"and then..."_ - alternatives are, well, ugly. And unforgiving. --- ## The Pipe - %>% continued - we've used it extensively so far, and can go even further - basic idea is that you send the output from one line into the first (unnamed) argument of the next - keyboard shortcut, one worth knowing, is Ctrl + Shift + M - if you're really interested, other pipes such as the T-pipe(%T%) and the dollar pipe (%$%) --- ## a bit more dplyr - the function _distinct()_ - gets rid of duplicate rows - the function _rename()_ changes names of columns - the function _relocate()_ changes order of columns - and _left_join()_ links dataframes together (a.k.a. SQL) --- class: center, inverse # Wide and Long Dataframe Formats --- ## Tidy Data (the _tidyr_ package) - idea of tidy data - each variable must have it's own column - each observation it's own row - each value it's own cell <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> species </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Parameter </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> Measurement </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_depth_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 18.7 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> flipper_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 181.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> body_mass_g </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 3750.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.5 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_depth_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 17.4 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> flipper_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 186.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> body_mass_g </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 3800.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.3 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_depth_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 18.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> flipper_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 195.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> body_mass_g </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 3250.0 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> NA </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> bill_depth_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> NA </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Adelie </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> flipper_length_mm </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> NA </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  ---  --- <table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> country </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1952 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1957 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1962 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1967 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1972 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1977 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1982 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1987 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1992 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 1997 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2002 </th> <th style="text-align:right;"> 2007 </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Afghanistan </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 28.801 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 30.332 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 31.997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 34.020 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 36.088 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 38.438 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.854 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.822 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41.674 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41.763 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 42.129 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 43.828 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Albania </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 55.230 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 59.280 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 64.820 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 66.220 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 67.690 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 68.930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.420 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.581 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.950 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 75.651 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 76.423 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Algeria </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 43.077 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 45.685 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 48.303 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 51.407 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 54.518 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 58.014 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 61.368 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65.799 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 67.744 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.152 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.994 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.301 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Angola </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 30.015 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 31.999 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 34.000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 35.985 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 37.928 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.483 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.942 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.906 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.647 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.963 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41.003 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 42.731 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Argentina </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 62.485 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 64.399 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65.142 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65.634 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 67.065 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 68.481 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.942 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.774 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.868 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 73.275 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 74.340 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 75.320 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Australia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.120 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.330 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.100 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 73.490 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 74.740 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 76.320 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 77.560 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 78.830 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 80.370 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 81.235 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Austria </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 66.800 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 67.480 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.540 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.140 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.630 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.170 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 73.180 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 74.940 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 76.040 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 77.510 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 78.980 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 79.829 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Bahrain </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 50.939 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 53.832 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 56.923 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 59.923 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 63.300 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65.593 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.052 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.750 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.601 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 73.925 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 74.795 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 75.635 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Bangladesh </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 37.484 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 39.348 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41.216 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 43.453 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 45.252 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 46.923 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 50.009 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 52.819 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 56.018 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 59.412 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 62.013 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 64.062 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Belgium </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 68.000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.240 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.250 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.940 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.440 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.800 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 73.930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 75.350 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 76.460 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 77.530 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 78.320 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 79.441 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Benin </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 38.223 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.358 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 42.618 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 44.885 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 47.014 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 49.190 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 50.904 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 52.337 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 53.919 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 54.777 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 54.406 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 56.728 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Bolivia </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 40.414 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 41.890 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 43.428 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 45.032 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 46.714 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 50.023 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 53.859 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 57.251 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 59.957 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 62.050 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 63.883 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65.554 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Bosnia and Herzegovina </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 53.820 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 58.450 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 61.930 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 64.790 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 67.450 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.860 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 70.690 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.140 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.178 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 73.244 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 74.090 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 74.852 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Botswana </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 47.622 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 49.618 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 51.520 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 53.298 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 56.024 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 59.319 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 61.484 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 63.622 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 62.745 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 52.556 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 46.634 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 50.728 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> Brazil </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 50.917 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 53.285 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 55.665 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 57.632 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 59.504 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 61.489 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 63.336 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 65.205 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 67.057 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 69.388 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 71.006 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> 72.390 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>